There is a meaningful perceptual difference between discussing the behaviors of a violent person and discussing a person who engaged in violent behaviors the former is more likely to be associated with immutable characteristics of a person, and the latter is more likely to be associated with attempts at understanding social and contextual causes of the behavior. 3īecause the focus of this essay is on understanding the development and maintenance of violent behavior patterns for the purpose of identifying points of prevention and intervention, close attention is paid to using person-centered language that does not conflate exhibiting violent behaviors with being a violent person. It is when the trauma of violence–cultural, economic, and interpersonal violence–in one generation goes unhealed that it is passed down to the next, in one form or another. To advance this framing, throughout this essay, I use the term intergenerational transmission of trauma and violence rather than transmission of violence. 2 From this vantage point, prevention can be conceptualized first as prevention of victimization and second as resilience supports for victims. 1 The importance of shifting our gaze to the long lead-up to violent offending is highlighted by research showing that early experiences of victimization are a stronger predictor of later involvement in violence than is early involvement in violence. This focus underutilizes the wealth of research detailing the host of risk and protective factors that determine the likelihood that any given child growing up with traumatic levels of adversity will become an adolescent with violent patterns of behavior. doi:10.1080/ it comes to the intergenerational transmission of trauma and violence, the imagination of American policy-makers has largely remained stuck on what to do after victims become victimizers. The generational trauma card: A tool to educate on intergenerational trauma transmission. Finding mental health care that fits your cultural background.Ĭhokshi B, Pukatch C, Ramsey N, et al. Becoming a culturally competent health care organization. Cultural competency, culturally tailored care, and the primary care setting: possible solutions to reduce racial/ethnic disparities in mental health care. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration. Key ingredients for successful trauma-informed care implementation. Intergenerational trauma is associated with expression alterations in glucocorticoid- and immune-related genes. Intergenerational trauma: A silent contributor to mental health deterioration in Afghanistan. Discrimination in the United States: Experiences of Native Americans. Holocaust exposure induced intergenerational effects on FKBP5 methylation. Yehuda R, Daskalakis NP, Bierer LM, et al. Study finds epigenetic changes in children of Holocaust survivors. The legacy of trauma.ĭepartment of Veterans Affairs. The traumatic impact of structural racism on African Americans. New avenues in epigenetic research about race: Online activism around reparations for slavery in the United States. Heart disease and mental health disorders. doi:10.3390/ijerph19105944Ĭenters for Disease Control and Prevention. Intergenerational transmission of trauma: The mediating effects of family health. Intergenerational transmission of trauma effects: putative role of epigenetic mechanisms. Examining the theory of historical trauma among Native Americans.
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